Direct Evidence for the $\bar{D}D^*/D\bar{D}^*$ Molecular Nature of $G(3900)$ Through Triangular Singularity Mechanisms

TL;DR

This paper uses triangular singularity mechanisms to provide direct evidence that the $G(3900)$ is a molecular state of $Dar{D}^*/D^* ar{D}$, offering a new approach to understanding its nature without relying on it being a true particle.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of triangular singularity mechanisms to analyze $G(3900)$, demonstrating how peaks can arise without the particle's existence, and suggests experimental tests for its molecular nature.

Findings

Peaks in reaction channels can be explained by triangle singularities without $G(3900)$ being a true particle.

Identifies potential sources of peaks as $X(4020)$, $Y(4320)$, and $X(4014)$ via decay processes.

Recommends experimental exploration of specific reactions to confirm the molecular structure of $G(3900)$.

Abstract

The exotic hadron $G(3900)$, initially observed in the process $e^+ e^- \to D\bar{D}$, has been further supported by analyses from the BESIII Collaboration, which classify it as a $P$-wave molecular state of $D^{+}D^{*-}/D^{-}D^{*+}$. However, theoretical discussions raise concerns about its status as a true particle, emphasizing the need for additional studies. In this Letter, we employ the triangular singularity mechanism to investigate $G(3900)$ across various reaction channels, allowing us to produce significant peaks without relying on the existence of a real particle. We identify $X(4020)$, $Y(4320)$, and the tentative $X(4014)$ as potential sources of these peaks via decay processes to $\gamma G(3900)$ or $\pi G(3900)$. We stress the importance of experimental explorations of $e^+ e^- \to X/Y \to \gamma(\pi) G(3900)$, which are essential for confirming the molecular composition of $D^{+}D^{*-}/D^{-}D^{*+}$ and refining the mass measurement of $G(3900)$.