A comprehensive survey on RPL routing-based attacks, defences and future directions in Internet of Things
Anil K Prajapati, Emmanuel S Pilli, Ramesh B Battula, Vijay, Varadharajan, Abhishek Verma, R C Joshi

TL;DR
This survey comprehensively reviews RPL routing attacks and defenses in IoT, classifies attack types and defense strategies, and discusses evaluation tools, highlighting research gaps and future directions.
Contribution
It introduces novel taxonomies for classifying RPL attacks and defense mechanisms, providing a structured framework for understanding and addressing IoT routing vulnerabilities.
Findings
Developed a 12-category attack taxonomy.
Proposed an 8-category defense taxonomy.
Analyzed real-world applicability of evaluation tools.
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of digital devices like sensors, processors, embedded and communication devices that can connect to and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. IoT devices have limitations on power, memory, and computational resources. Researchers have developed the IPv6 Over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) protocols to provide wireless connectivity among these devices while overcoming the constraints on resources. 6LoWPAN has been approved subsequently by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IETF Routing Over Low-power and Lossy Networks (ROLL) standardized the Routing Protocol for LLNs known as RPL (IETF RFC 6550), which is part of the 6LoWPAN stack. However, IoT devices are vulnerable to various attacks on RPL-based routing. This survey provides an in depth study of existing RPL-based attacks and defense…
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