Bayesian Inferring Nucleon's Gravitation Form Factors via Near-threshold $J/\psi$ Photoproduction

TL;DR

This paper uses Bayesian inference to analyze near-threshold $J/$ photoproduction data, extracting the proton's gravitational form factors and demonstrating agreement with lattice QCD results, highlighting potential for future high-precision measurements.

Contribution

The study introduces a Bayesian framework combined with NLO GPD analysis to extract proton gravitational form factors from experimental data, aligning with lattice predictions.

Findings

Negative $C_q(t)$ and $C_g(t)$ are strongly supported by data.

Experimental constraints agree with lattice QCD simulations.

Potential for future high-precision experiments to refine form factor extraction.

Abstract

With Bayesian inference, we investigate the impact of recent near-threshold $J/\psi$ production measurements by the $J/\psi$ 007 experiment and GlueX collaboration on the extraction of proton's gravitational form factors. We apply the generalized parton distribution framework at the next-to-leading order and demonstrate a stable expansion for the near-threshold kinematics. We find that the experimental constraints are in good agreement with the state-of-the-art lattice simulations, where negative $C_q(t)$ and $C_g(t)$ are strongly preferred. This highlights a great potential to extract them from future high-precision experiments.