Supersolid dipolar phases in planar geometry: effects of tilted polarization

TL;DR

This study explores how tilted polarization affects the phase diagram and properties of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in planar geometries, revealing complex phase transitions and anisotropic superfluid behavior.

Contribution

It introduces the effects of in-plane polarization components on the phase diagram and structural properties of dipolar condensates, highlighting new critical lines and anisotropic phenomena.

Findings

Tilted polarization creates three critical lines in the phase diagram.

In-plane polarization induces axial deformation and anisotropy in superfluidity.

Phase transitions include both first- and second-order regions.

Abstract

The behavior of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in planar geometries is investigated, focusing on the effects of the polarization orientation. While perpendicular polarization produces a phase diagram with hexagonal, stripes, and honeycomb phases ending at a single critical point, the presence of an in-plane polarization component transforms the critical point into three critical lines, separating two phases at a time and changing radically the appearance of the phase diagram. All transition lines contain first- and second-order regions, while the phase diagram itself shows a resemblance with those displayed by quasi-one-dimensional dipolar systems. Finally, we investigate the effect of introducing an in-plane polarization on the structural properties of the phases and determine the superfluid fraction. Our results show that this process induces an axial deformation on the hexagonal and honeycomb phases, resulting in an anisotropic behavior in the long distance properties of the system like superfluidity. We expect that the rich phenomenology observed provides motivation for new experiments and theoretical works.