Hydrodynamically Beneficial School Configurations in Carangiform Swimmers: Insights from a Flow-Physics Informed Model

TL;DR

This paper presents a flow-physics informed model to predict hydrodynamic benefits in fish schools, enabling analysis of various parameters affecting thrust enhancement without extensive simulations.

Contribution

The study introduces a new phenomenological model based on wake velocity data to predict hydrodynamic performance in fish schools, reducing computational effort.

Findings

Optimal relative positioning enhances thrust.

Phase difference influences vortex interactions.

Multiple swimmers can increase overall thrust.

Abstract

Researchers have long debated which spatial arrangements and swimming synchronizations are beneficial for the hydrodynamic performance of fish in schools. In our previous work (Seo and Mittal, Bioinsp. Biomim., Vol. 17, 066020, 2022), we demonstrated using direct numerical simulations that hydrodynamic interactions with the wake of a leading body-caudal fin carangiform swimmer could significantly enhance the swimming performance of a trailing swimmer by augmenting the leading-edge vortex (LEV) on its caudal fin. In this study, we develop a model based on the phenomenology of LEV enhancement, which utilizes wake velocity data from direct numerical simulations of a leading fish to predict the trailing swimmer's hydrodynamic performance without additional simulations. This approach enables a comprehensive analysis of the effects of relative positioning, phase difference, flapping amplitude, Reynolds number, and the number of swimmers in the school on thrust enhancement. The results offer several insights regarding the effect of these parameters that have implications for fish schools as well as for bio-inspired underwater vehicle applications.