A novel q-PED method: precise physical properties of a merger-origin binary Cepheid OGLE-LMC-CEP-1347

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new q-PED method combining theory and observations to precisely determine physical parameters of binary Cepheids, revealing a merger origin for OGLE-LMC-CEP-1347 and suggesting older ages for some Cepheids.

Contribution

The novel q-PED method integrates mass ratio, pulsation, evolutionary models, and distance data to accurately derive binary Cepheid properties, validated on multiple systems.

Findings

Determined the Cepheid's mass as 3.41 M$_\odot$ with high precision.

Confirmed the merger origin scenario for OGLE-LMC-CEP-1347.

Validated the method's reliability with an eclipsing binary Cepheid.

Abstract

Recently, a double-lined binary (SB2) classical Cepheid, OGLE-LMC-CEP-1347, was discovered, with the orbital period (P$_{\rm orb} = 59$ days) five times shorter than of any binary Cepheid known before. The expected mass of the Cepheid was below $3.5$ M$_\odot$, which, if confirmed, would also probe the uncharted territory. The system configuration also pointed to the Cepheid as a merger. We present a novel method for determining precise physical parameters of binary Cepheids using both theory and observations. This q-PED method combines the measured mass ratio (q), pulsation (P), and evolutionary (E) models, and the known distance (D) supplemented with multi-band photometry. Applying it, we determined the mass of the Cepheid of $3.41 \pm 0.08$ M$_\odot$, its radius of $13.65 \pm 0.27$ R$_\odot$, the companion mass of $1.89 \pm 0.04$ M$_\odot$ and radius of $12.51 \pm 0.62$ R$_\odot$. With the current configuration, the apparent evolutionary age difference of almost 1 Gyr between the components strongly favors the Cepheid merger origin scenario. If so, the actual age of the Cepheid would be 1.09 Gyr, on the edge of Population II stars, indicating a significant fraction of Cepheids may be much older than typically assumed. We also applied our method to an eclipsing binary Cepheid OGLE-LMC-CEP-1812 with accurately determined physical parameters, obtaining a close agreement, which confirmed our method's reliability.