Mutual Interactions Between a Thin Flexible Panel and Supersonic Flows

TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations to analyze how a thin flexible aluminum panel interacts with supersonic flows at different Mach numbers, revealing flow phenomena, oscillation behaviors, and thermal hotspots relevant for engineering design.

Contribution

It introduces a validated computational framework to study fluid-structure interactions of flexible panels in supersonic flows across various Mach numbers.

Findings

Flow separation occurs in subsonic and transonic flows.

Supersonic flows create enclosed recirculation regions.

Oscillation amplitudes vary with Mach number and flow transient stages.

Abstract

This paper discusses the mutual interactions between a thin flexible aluminum plate and supersonic flow using two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations. Calculations are performed using an open source library, SU2, that solves partial differential equations governing fluid and structural dynamics. The configuration considered in this research effort is based on an experiment in which a thin flexible panel of 1.02 mm with a 50.8 mm overhang at the outer edge of a backward facing step is exposed to Mach 2 flow. The computational framework was first validated against measurements for both the initial transients of 10 ms and the fully started conditions at 0.4 s. Then, numerical studies were performed to analyze the fluid-structure interactions at 4 different Mach numbers between 0.5 and 3. The flow behavior revealed distinct phenomena, including shear layer separation for subsonic and transonic flows, and a fully enclosed recirculation region under the overhang in supersonic cases. The time-averaged flow field identified potential temperature hotspots during the initial transients, which intensified as time evolved. For Mach 0.50, the amplitude of the thin panel oscillations increased as the flow transitioned from transient to steady-state conditions. In the transonic case (M = 0.95), the oscillation amplitude became significantly larger, potentially leading to resonant behavior and structural failure (we did not model failure). However, in the supersonic cases, the oscillations stabilized and were sustained after the initial transients. The research quantitatively identifies the influence of the Mach number on the fluid-structure interaction phenomena, which affect pressure loads and the development of thermal hotspots, which are crucial elements in engineering design.