Design and benchmarks for emulating Kondo dynamics on a quantum chip

TL;DR

This paper presents a quantum circuit design to simulate Kondo impurity dynamics, combining numerical and analytical methods to explore long-time behavior, advancing the use of quantum computers for complex many-electron problems.

Contribution

The work introduces a novel gate-based quantum circuit for emulating Kondo dynamics, supported by numerical simulations and an analytical solution for large systems.

Findings

Universal long-time dynamics observed in simulations

Analytical solution effective for large system sizes

Quantum circuit capable of simulating impurity magnetization and entanglement

Abstract

Motivated by recent advances in digital quantum simulation and the overall prospective of solving correlated many-electron problems using quantum algorithms, we design a gate-based quantum circuit that emulates the dynamics of the Kondo impurity model. We numerically determine the impurity magnetization, entanglement between impurity and fermionic sites and energy as a function of time (i.e.~circuit depth) for various initial states and find universal long-time dynamics. We complement the numerical simulations for moderate system size with an asymptotically exact analytical solution that is effective in the limit of large system sizes and for starting states corresponding to a filled Fermi sea. This work opens up the perspective of studying the dynamics of electronic quantum many-body states on quantum chips of the NISQ era.