(S,w)-Gap Shifts and Their Entropy

TL;DR

This paper introduces the (S,w)-gap shift, a generalization of S-gap shifts, and derives a formula for its entropy while exploring its dynamical properties like irreducibility and mixing.

Contribution

The paper extends the entropy formula for S-gap shifts to the (S,w)-gap shift and analyzes its dynamical properties, broadening understanding of these complex systems.

Findings

Derived a new entropy formula for (S,w)-gap shifts.

Established conditions for irreducibility and mixing.

Connected properties of S-gap shifts to the generalized (S,w)-gap shifts.

Abstract

The $S$-gap shifts have a dynamically and combinatorially rich structure. Dynamical properties of the $S$-gap shift can be related to the properties of the set $S$. This interplay is particularly interesting when $S$ is not syndetic such as when $S$ is the set of prime numbers or when $S=\{2^n\}$. It is a well known result that the entropy of the $S$-gap shift is given by $h(X) = \log \lambda$, where $\lambda>0$ is the unique solution to the equation $\sum_{n \in S} \lambda^{-(n+1)}=1$. Fix a point $w$ of the full shift $\{1,2, \dots, k\}^\mathbb{Z}$. We introduce the $(S,w)$-gap shift which is a generalization of the $S$-gap shift consisting of sequences in $\{0,1, \dots, k\}^\mathbb{Z}$ in which any two $0$'s are separated by a word $u$ appearing in $w$ such that $|u|\in S$. We extend the formula for the entropy of the $S$-gap shift to a formula describing the entropy of this new class of shift spaces. Additionally we investigate the dynamical properties including irreducibility and mixing of this generalization of the $S$-gap shift.