Band Structure Modeling of Perovskite Materials with Quantum ESPRESSO for Multijunction Photovoltaic Cell Optimization

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel computational approach using Quantum ESPRESSO to model the band structures of perovskite materials, aiming to rapidly identify high-efficiency multijunction photovoltaic cells with potential efficiencies around 46%.

Contribution

It presents a new method combining crystallographic modeling and density functional theory to optimize perovskite multijunction solar cells, improving efficiency prediction accuracy.

Findings

Achieved a modeled efficiency of about 46% for a top-performing perovskite configuration.

Demonstrated the effectiveness of optimized Quantum ESPRESSO calculations for perovskite band structures.

Showed potential for designing highly efficient, manufacturable photovoltaic cells.

Abstract

Increasing photovoltaic conversion efficiency, or PCE, has proven to be a critical factor in the transition to renewable energy. There exist strong interdependencies between the perovskite crystals and multijunction architectures within photovoltaic cell research. In present literature, there is a lack of intersection in investigating crystallographic geometry and compositional engineering with representation of computational modeling systems. In this paper, we propose a novel method for the rapid discovery of high-efficiency perovskite-based multijunction cells, specifically with silicon as the low band gap absorbing semiconductor material. We model the spatial geometries of potential perovskite candidates for high-efficiency cells using the Schrodinger Material Science Maestro, optimizing the periodic boundary conditions on the unit cell to minimize edge-bound errors. Band structure calculations using density functional theory become effective to approximate the PCE. After careful adjustments to the ibrav lattice parameter and parallelization, Quantum ESPRESSO was optimized for perovskite multijunction band structure calculations. Computational results on the six test-perovskite configurations demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed representation and method, with a calculated efficiency of about 46% for one of the modeled perovskites, placing it at the top of high-efficiency perovskite-Si multijunction cells. With this method, the potential exists to bring forth a new generation of photovoltaic cells that are easily manufacturable, highly efficient, and economical.