The GRACE project: Hard X-ray giant radio galaxies and their duty cycle

TL;DR

This paper investigates giant radio galaxies selected via hard X-ray observations, focusing on their jet activity, duty cycle, and evolution, utilizing new radio data and surveys to understand their complex behavior and gamma-ray associations.

Contribution

It presents new radio observations and analysis of hard X-ray selected giant radio galaxies, revealing their restarted activity and exploring their jet duty cycle and evolution.

Findings

GRG are more abundant in hard X-ray selected samples.

Most GRG show signs of restarted radio activity.

New radio data probes jet formation from pc to kpc scales.

Abstract

The advent of new generation radio telescopes is opening new possibilities on the classification and study of extragalactic high-energy sources, specially the underrepresented ones like radio galaxies. Among these, Giant Radio Galaxies (GRG, larger than 0.7 Mpc) are among the most extreme manifestations of the accretion/ejection processes on supermassive black holes. Our recent studies have shown that GRG can be up to four times more abundant in hard X-ray selected (i.e. from INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/BAT at $>$20 keV) samples and, most interestingly, the majority of them present signs of restarted radio activity. This makes them the ideal test-bed to study the so far unknown duty cycle of jets in active galactic nuclei. Open questions in the field include: How and when jets are restarted? How jets evolve and what's their dynamic? What is the jet's duty cycle and what triggers them? Our group has recently collected a wealth of radio data on these high-energy selected GRGs, allowing us to study their jet formation and evolution from the pc to kpc scales, across different activity epochs. In particular, thanks to our EVN large programme, we were able to probe the new radio phase in the core of these giants. Furthermore, we are devoting an effort to the exploitation of new radio surveys data for the discovery of new classes of counterparts of Fermi/LAT catalogues. In particular, we are unveiling the hidden population of radio galaxies associated with gamma-ray sources.