Dark matter stabilized by a non-abelian group: lessons from the $\Sigma(36)$ 3HDM

TL;DR

This paper investigates the use of a non-abelian group, (36), in a three-Higgs-doublet model to stabilize dark matter, revealing conflicts with experimental data and setting limits on such models.

Contribution

It demonstrates that non-abelian groups can stabilize dark matter in multi-Higgs models and analyzes the resulting phenomenological constraints.

Findings

Non-abelian (36) can stabilize dark matter in 3HDM.

Model conflicts with LHC and DM observations, especially LZ results.

Constraints limit the viability of large symmetry groups in multi-Higgs DM models.

Abstract

When building dark matter (DM) models, one often imposes conserved discrete symmetries to stabilize DM candidates. The simplest choice is ${\mathbb Z}_2$ but models with larger stabilizing groups have also been explored. Can a conserved non-abelian group lead to a viable DM model? Here, we address this question within the three-Higgs-doublet model based on the group $\Sigma(36)$, in which DM stabilization by a non-abelian group is not only possible but inevitable. We show that the tight connections between the Higgs, fermion, and DM sectors repeatedly drive the model into conflict with the LHC results and DM observations, with the most recent LZ results playing a decisive role. We believe that the lessons learned from this study help chart the limits of what can be achieved within multi-Higgs-doublet DM models with large symmetry groups.