Non-intrusive Data-driven ADI-based Low-rank Balanced Truncation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a non-intrusive, data-driven method for ADI-based low-rank balanced truncation that relies solely on transfer function samples at specific points, enabling model reduction without system access.

Contribution

It develops a non-intrusive algorithm for ADI-based low-rank balanced truncation using transfer function samples, simplifying model reduction in large-scale systems.

Findings

The method only requires transfer function samples at ADI shift mirror images.

When model order matches the numerical rank of Gramians, the method reduces to standard interpolation.

An illustrative example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Abstract

In this short note, a non-intrusive data-driven formulation of ADI-based low-rank balanced truncation is provided. The proposed algorithm only requires transfer function samples at the mirror images of ADI shifts. If some shifts are used in both approximating the controllability Gramian and the observability Gramian, then samples of the transfer function's derivative at these shifts are also needed to enforce Hermite interpolation in the Loewner framework. It is noted that ADI-based low-rank balanced truncation can be viewed as a two-step process. The first step involves constructing an interpolant of the original model at the mirror images of the ADI shifts, which can be done non-intrusively within the Loewner framework. The second step involves reducing this interpolant using low-rank factors of Gramians associated with the interpolation data through the balanced square-root algorithm. This second step does not require any system information, making the overall process non-intrusive with the only required information being samples of the transfer function and/or its derivative at the mirror images of ADI shifts. Furthermore, it is shown that when the order of the reduced model in ADI-based low-rank balanced truncation is selected to match the numerical rank of the low-rank factors of the Gramians, it effectively reduces to standard interpolation at the mirror images of the ADI shift. An illustrative example is provided to explain the proposed approach.