Primordial Black Hole Hot Spots and Nucleosynthesis

TL;DR

This paper explores how hot spots around evaporating primordial black holes influence photon flux and potentially alter light nuclei dissociation during Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis, highlighting the importance of local temperature profiles.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of PBH hot spots affecting photon flux and nucleosynthesis, emphasizing the need for detailed modeling of their temperature profiles and evolution.

Findings

Hot spots can shield low-energy photons, impacting photo-dissociation.

Effects are significant for PBHs with masses between 10^{11}g and 3×10^{12}g.

The impact depends strongly on the temperature profile shape and evolution.

Abstract

Upon their evaporation via Hawking radiation, primordial black holes (PBHs) may deposit energy in the ambient plasma on scales smaller than the typical distance between two black holes, leading to the formation of hot spots around them. We investigate how the corresponding rise of the local temperature during the evaporation may act as a shield against the release of low-energy photons, affecting PBH's capacity to dissociate light nuclei after Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis through photo-dissociation. We study the different ways PBH hot spots affect the flux of low-energy photons expected from PBH evaporation, and we find that such effects can be particularly relevant to the physics of photo-dissociation during Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis for PBHs with masses between $10^{11}$g and $3\times 10^{12}$g. We emphasize that the magnitude of this effect is highly dependent on the specific shape of the temperature profile around PBHs and its time evolution. This underscores the necessity for a comprehensive study of PBH hot spots and their dynamics in the future.