The application of annealing in quantum cooling protocols

TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum cooling protocol inspired by simulated annealing, capable of efficiently driving various quantum systems to their ground state with high fidelity, and demonstrates its effectiveness through numerical simulations.

Contribution

The paper proposes a universal quantum cooling protocol incorporating annealing, validated by tensor network simulations on the transverse field Ising model, showing improved accuracy and noise resistance.

Findings

Annealing enhances cooling efficiency and fidelity.

Bath modulation under time-dependent fields outperforms static baths.

Protocol's noise resistance varies with noise type.

Abstract

Inspired by simulated annealing algorithm, we propose a quantum cooling protocol which includes an annealing process. This protocol can be universally and efficiently applied to various quantum simulators, driving the system from an arbitrary initial state to the ground state with high fidelity. We have described the cooling process based on perturbation theory, validated the advantages of bath under time-modulated Zeeman field compared to bath under static one, and provided a justification for the necessity of an annealing process when the system to be cooled is unknown. We applied tensor network methods to numerically simulate our cooling protocol, using the transverse field Ising model (TFIM) as an example to verify the effectiveness of the protocol in cooling one-dimensional systems, two-dimensional systems, and systems with quantum noise. We compared the overall performance of cooling protocols with and without the annealing process on a test set generated with random parameters $g_P$. The results indicate that the cooling protocol with annealing process can achieve both accuracy and efficiency. Our results also show that the cooling protocol's resistance to noise depends on the type of quantum noise.