Unidirectional motion of topological defects mediating continuous rotation processes

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates controlled, unidirectional motion of magnetic topological defects in a thin film, mediating continuous pattern rotation, with insights from 3D magnetic imaging and a minimal symmetry-breaking model.

Contribution

It introduces a method to induce and analyze unidirectional defect motion in unconfined magnetic stripe patterns, advancing control over topological defect dynamics.

Findings

Unidirectional defect motion mediates continuous stripe rotation.

3D magnetic imaging links defect motion to magnetic structure.

A minimal model reproduces defect behavior under magnetic fields.

Abstract

Topological defects play a critical role across many fields, mediating phase transitions and macroscopic behaviors as they move through space. Their role as robust information carriers has also generated much attention. However, controlling their motion remains challenging, especially towards achieving motion along well-defined paths which typically require predefined structural patterning. Here we demonstrate the tunable, unidirectional motion of topological defects, specifically magnetic dislocations in a weak magnetic stripe pattern, induced by external magnetic field in a laterally unconfined thin film. This motion is shown to mediate the overall continuous rotation of the stripe pattern. We determine the connection between the unidirectional motion of dislocations and the underlying three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structure by performing 3D magnetic vectorial imaging with in situ magnetic fields. A minimal model for dislocations in stripe patterns that encodes the symmetry breaking induced by the external magnetic field reproduces the motion of dislocations that facilitate the 2D rotation of the stripes, highlighting the universality of the phenomenon. This work establishes a framework for studying the field-driven behavior of topological textures and designing materials that enable well defined, controlled motion of defects in unconfined systems, paving the way to manipulate information carriers in higher-dimensional systems.