Integrating LLMs with ITS: Recent Advances, Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directions
Doaa Mahmud, Hadeel Hajmohamed, Shamma Almentheri, Shamma Alqaydi,, Lameya Aldhaheri, Ruhul Amin Khalil, and Nasir Saeed

TL;DR
This paper reviews how Large Language Models can enhance Intelligent Transportation Systems by improving traffic management, safety, and autonomous driving, while discussing challenges and future research directions.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of LLM applications in ITS, highlighting recent advances, potential benefits, and addressing key challenges for future development.
Findings
LLMs can improve traffic flow prediction and vehicle detection.
Integration of LLMs enhances autonomous driving capabilities.
Identifies challenges like data scarcity and ethical issues in ITS applications.
Abstract
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are crucial for the development and operation of smart cities, addressing key challenges in efficiency, productivity, and environmental sustainability. This paper comprehensively reviews the transformative potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in optimizing ITS. Initially, we provide an extensive overview of ITS, highlighting its components, operational principles, and overall effectiveness. We then delve into the theoretical background of various LLM techniques, such as GPT, T5, CTRL, and BERT, elucidating their relevance to ITS applications. Following this, we examine the wide-ranging applications of LLMs within ITS, including traffic flow prediction, vehicle detection and classification, autonomous driving, traffic sign recognition, and pedestrian detection. Our analysis reveals how these advanced models can significantly enhance traffic…
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Taxonomy
TopicsService-Oriented Architecture and Web Services · Semantic Web and Ontologies · Data Mining Algorithms and Applications
MethodsGated Linear Unit · Refunds@Expedia|||How do I get a full refund from Expedia? · Attention Is All You Need · Discriminative Fine-Tuning · AdaGrad · *Communicated@Fast*How Do I Communicate to Expedia? · Gradient Clipping · Cosine Annealing · SentencePiece · Softmax
