Pseudo-Newtonian simulation of a thin accretion disk around a Reissner-Nordstr\"om naked singularity

TL;DR

This paper introduces the first numerical simulations of thin accretion disks around Reissner-Nordström naked singularities using a pseudo-Newtonian potential, revealing unique accretion structures and potential observational signatures.

Contribution

It models the gravitational field of a RN naked singularity with a pseudo-Newtonian potential and simulates disk behavior, highlighting differences from black hole accretion.

Findings

Accretion stops at a certain distance, forming a toroidal structure.

Maximum orbital frequency exceeds that of Schwarzschild ISCO.

Presence of a rotating ring could indicate a naked singularity.

Abstract

We present the first numerical simulations of a thin accretion disk around a Reissner-Nordstr\"om (RN) naked singularity (a charged point mass). The gravity of the RN naked singularity is modeled with a pseudo-Newtonian potential that reproduces exactly the radial dependence of the RN Keplerian orbital frequency; in particular, orbital angular velocity vanishes at the zero gravity radius and has a maximum at 4/3 of that radius. Angular momentum is transported outwards by viscous stresses only outside the location of this maximum. Nonetheless, even at that radius, accretion proceeds at higher latitudes, the disk having thickened there owing to excess pressure. The accretion stops at a certain distance away from the singularity, with the material accumulating in a toroidal structure close to the zero-gravity sphere. The shape of the structure obtained in our simulations is reminiscent of fluid figures of equilibrium analytically derived in full general relativity for the RN singularity. The presence of a rotating ring, such as the one found in our simulations, could be an observational signature of a naked singularity. For charge to mass ratios close to but larger than unity, the inner edge of the quasi-toroidal inner accretion structure would be located well within the Schwarzschild marginally stable orbit (ISCO), and the maximum orbital frequency in thin accretion disks would be much higher than the Schwarzschild ISCO frequency.