Birational geometry of the twofold symmetric product of a Hirzebruch surface via secant maps

TL;DR

This paper investigates the birational geometry of the symmetric product of Hirzebruch surfaces, focusing on secant maps, contractions, and their relation to Fano 3-folds, including degree computations and stability analysis.

Contribution

It provides a detailed study of the birational structure of secant varieties of rational normal scrolls and connects these to known Fano 3-folds, including degree calculations and stability properties.

Findings

Computed the degree of the variety $X_{a,b}$.

Analyzed the local structure of singularities at a=1.

Established the relation between hyperplane sections of $X_{2,2}$ and $X_{1,3}$.

Abstract

In this paper, extending some ideas of Fano, we study the birational geometry of the Hilbert scheme of 0-dimensional subschemes of length 2 of a rational normal scroll. This fourfold has three elementary contractions associated to the three faces of its nef cone. We study natural projective realizations of these contractions. In particular, given a smooth rational normal scroll $S_{a,b}$ of degree $r$ in ${\mathbb P}^{r+1}$ with $1 \leq a \leq b$ and a+b=r, i.e., $S_{a,b}$ is the relative Proj of the vector bundle $O_{{\mathbb P}^1}(a)\oplus O_{{\mathbb P}^1}(b)$ embedded in ${\mathbb P}^{r+1}$ with its O(1) line bundle (from an abstract viewpoint $S_{a,b}\cong {\mathbb F}_{b-a}$), we consider the subvariety $X_{a,b}$ of the Grassmannian $G(1,r+1)$ described by all lines that are secant or tangent to $S_{a,b}$. The variety $X_{a,b}$ is the image of some of the aforementioned contractions, it is smooth if a>1, and it is singular at a unique point if a=1. We compute the degree of $X_{a,b}$ and the local structure of the singularity of $X_{a,b}$ when a=1. Finally we discuss in some detail the case r=4, originally considered by Fano, because the smooth hyperplane sections of $X_{2,2}$ and $X_{1,3}$ are the Fano 3-folds that appear as number 16 in the Mori-Mukai list of Fano 3-folds with Picard number 2. We prove that any smooth hyperplane section of $X_{2,2}$ is also a hyperplane section of $X_{1,3}$, and we discuss the GIT-stability of the smooth hyperplane sections of $X_{1,3}$ where $G$ is the subgroup of the projective automorphisms of $X_{1,3}$ coming from the ones of $S_{1,3}.$