Very high energy cosmic ray particles from the Kerr black hole at the galaxy center

TL;DR

This paper proposes that PeV energy cosmic ray protons originate from the surface of a Kerr black hole at our galaxy's center, linking general relativity, black hole physics, and recent observational data.

Contribution

It introduces a novel surface confinement model for black hole mass and explains the origin of high-energy cosmic rays from the galactic center.

Findings

PeV protons are on the surface of a Kerr black hole at the galactic center.

The model aligns with HAWC Collaboration's PeVatron observations.

Black hole surface confinement may explain ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.

Abstract

Conventional general relativity supplies the notion of a vacuum tension and thus a maximum force $F_{max}=c^4/4G\approx\ 3\times 10^{43}$ Newtons, that is realized for a black hole. In conjunction with the Wilson area rule, we are thus led to the surface confinement of the mass of a black hole analogous to the surface confinement of quarks. The central result of our paper is that PeV scale protons exist on the surface of a Kerr black hole residing at our galactic center that is in concert with the HAWC Collaboration result of a PeVatron at the galactic center.