A high-speed, high-resolution Transition Edge Sensor spectrometer for soft X-rays at the Advanced Photon Source

TL;DR

This paper presents the design and implementation of a high-speed, high-resolution transition edge sensor spectrometer for soft X-ray measurements at the Advanced Photon Source, enabling improved material analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a novel TES spectrometer with a large pixel array, high energy resolution, and efficient readout for soft X-ray spectroscopy at a major research facility.

Findings

Achieved approximately 1 eV energy resolution.

Developed a 250-pixel array with sub-ms pulse duration.

Integrated the spectrometer with ultra-high vacuum sample environment.

Abstract

This project explores the design and development of a transition edge sensor (TES) spectrometer for resonant soft X- ray scattering (RSXS) measurements developed in collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Soft X-ray scattering is a powerful technique for studying the electronic and magnetic properties of materials on a microscopic level. However, the lack of high-performance soft X-ray spectrometers has limited the potential of this technique. TES spectrometers have the potential to overcome these limitations due to their high energy resolution, high efficiency, and broad energy range. This project aims to optimize the design of a TES spectrometer for RSXS measurements and more generally soft X-ray spectroscopy at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) 29-ID, leading to improved understanding of advanced materials. We will present a detailed description of the instrument design and implementation. The spectrometer consists of a large array of approximately 250 high-speed and high-resolution pixels. The pixels have saturation energies of approximately 1 keV, sub-ms pulse duration and energy resolution of approximately 1 eV. The array is read out using microwave multiplexing chips with MHz bandwidth per channel, enabling efficient data throughput. To facilitate measurement of samples in situ under ultra-high vacuum conditions at the beamline, the spectrometer is integrated with an approximately 1 m long snout.