Endpoint estimates for maximal operators associated to the wave equation

TL;DR

This paper establishes endpoint maximal estimates for the wave equation's maximal operator at critical Sobolev exponents, filling a key gap in the understanding of wave operator bounds.

Contribution

It proves the endpoint $H^{s_c(q,d)}$--$L^q$ maximal estimates for the wave operator, which were previously unresolved, and shows the equivalence of various forms of these estimates.

Findings

Proved endpoint $H^{s_c(q,d)}$--$L^q$ bounds for the wave maximal operator.

Established the equivalence of different maximal estimate formulations.

Extended the understanding of wave operator bounds at critical Sobolev exponents.

Abstract

We consider the $H^{s}$--$L^q$ maximal estimates associated to the wave operator \begin{equation*} e^{ it\sqrt{-\Delta}}f(x) = \frac{1}{(2\pi)^d}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} e^{i(x \cdot \xi \, + t|\xi|)} \widehat{f}(\xi\,) d\xi. \end{equation*} Rogers--Villarroya proved $H^{s}$--$L^q$ estimates for the maximal operator $f\mapsto$ $\sup_{t} |e^{ it\sqrt{-\Delta}}f|$ up to the critical Sobolev exponents $s_c(q,d)$. However, the endpoint case estimates for the critical exponent $s=s_c(q,d)$ have remained open so far. We obtain the endpoint $H^{s_c(q,d)}$--$L^q$ bounds on the maximal operator $f\mapsto \sup_{t} |e^{ it\sqrt{-\Delta}}f|$. We also prove that several different forms of the maximal estimates considered by Rogers--Villarroya are basically equivalent to each other.