Exploring Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate Dynamics Using Wearables Before, During, and After Speech Activity: Insights from a Controlled Study in a Low-Middle-Income Country

TL;DR

This study analyzes heart rate and variability using wearables during speech tasks to identify physiological markers of social anxiety disorder, revealing distinct patterns across phases and differences between SAD and non-SAD individuals.

Contribution

It introduces a controlled study linking HR and HRV responses to social anxiety, and provides a publicly available dataset for future wearable-based mental health research.

Findings

HRV decreases and HR increases during anticipation and speech phases in general.

SAD participants show lower HRV, higher HR, and more anxiety across all phases.

Reversal of HR and HRV patterns during reflection phase.

Abstract

Conventional methods for diagnosing Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), such as clinical interviews and self-reported questionnaires, often face accessibility barriers and subjective biases, underscoring the need for objective physiological markers. This study investigates heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) as potential indicators of SAD by analyzing cardiovascular responses to anxiety-inducing speech tasks across four distinct phases: baseline, anticipation, speech activity, and reflection. In a controlled laboratory setting, we analyzed data from 51 participants and found that HRV decreased and HR increased during the anticipation and speech activity phases compared to baseline, while the reflection phase showed a reversal, with HRV increasing and HR decreasing. Participants with SAD exhibited lower HRV, higher HR, and greater self-reported anxiety than non-SAD participants across all phases. These findings enhance our understanding of the physiological signatures of social anxiety and have implications for developing wearable-based monitoring systems for SAD detection and intervention. To support further research, we also release a dataset capturing multi-phase anxiety responses, advancing physiological-based mental health assessment