D-HAT: a Diatom-inspired structure for a Helmet concept Against Trauma

TL;DR

This paper introduces a biomimetic helmet liner inspired by diatom structures, enhancing impact absorption, breathability, and durability for safer, more comfortable urban sports helmets.

Contribution

It presents a novel diatom-inspired material design for helmet liners, combining biomimicry with computational modeling and testing to improve impact resistance and multifunctionality.

Findings

Energy absorption comparable to honeycomb structures

Lightweight, breathable, and weather-resistant properties demonstrated

Finite element analysis confirms performance optimization

Abstract

The primary objective of helmet design continues to be the prevention of traumatic brain injuries. Yet, achieving an optimal user experience, including aspects such as fit, thermal comfort, breathability, waterproofing, and reusability, is increasingly significant. Thus, designing helmets with multifunctional performance represents the latest technological frontier for safety devices. This study draws inspiration from the morphology of Coscinodiscus species diatoms to develop a biomimetic material replicating their cellular structure and multifunctionality. Unlike its biological counterpart, the synthetic material is engineered as the inner liner for multi impact helmets, suited for urban sports and micro mobility applications. The architecture of the material is modeled using computer aided design tools, and its energy absorption capabilities are analyzed through finite element modeling and quasi static compression tests on 3D printed elastomeric samples. Performance optimization is achieved through a parametric approach. The results demonstrate that the material exhibits energy absorption comparable to cellular materials like honeycombs, while offering lightweight properties, breathability, and resistance to atmospheric agents. This biomimetic design marks a significant advancement in high performance safety equipment.