An experimental proposal certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states based on the fine-grained steering inequality

TL;DR

This paper proposes an experimental method to certify three-qubit GGHZ states using fine-grained steering inequality, facilitating quantum state verification in photon systems and extending to higher dimensions.

Contribution

It introduces a practical experimental setup for preparing and certifying three-qubit GGHZ states via polarization optics, enabling maximum quantum violation observation.

Findings

Proposes an optical measurement scheme for GGHZ states.

Allows observation of maximum quantum violation.

Extensible to high-dimensional and multi-photon GHZ states.

Abstract

Multi-party quantum steering is an important concept in quantum information theory and quantum mechanics, typically related to quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality. It enables precise manipulation of large quantum systems, which is essential for large-scale quantum computing, simulations, and quantum communication. Recently, a quantum steering certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GGHZ) states based on the fine-grained steering inequality was proved [Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations, 2022, 9(2): 175-198]. Here we provide an experimental proposal to prepare the GGHZ states in photon system. The measurement observalbes in each party can be realized by different polarization optical elements. By choosing the angles of the waveplates, our experiment proposal can observe the maximum quantum violation for any three-qubit GGHZ states. Our proposal can be easily extended to high-dimensional qubits and multi-photon GHZ states, which provides a method to study the complex multi-party quantum protocols.