Coupled differential-algebraic equations framework for modeling six-degree-of-freedom flight dynamics of asymmetric fixed-wing aircraft

TL;DR

This paper introduces a detailed DAE-based mathematical framework for six-degree-of-freedom flight dynamics of asymmetric fixed-wing aircraft, enabling both direct and inverse analyses with improved efficiency and accuracy.

Contribution

The framework is novel in its comprehensive DAE formulation, support for inverse dynamics, and ability to handle asymmetric aircraft without symmetry assumptions.

Findings

Supports both direct and inverse flight dynamics analyses

Accounts for nonlinear air density variations up to 20 km altitude

Improves computational efficiency and avoids Euler angle singularities

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive mathematical framework for modeling the flight dynamics of a six-degree-of-freedom fixed-wing aircraft as a rigid body with three control surfaces: rudder, elevators, and ailerons. The framework consists of 35 differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) and requires 30 constants to be specified. It supports both direct and inverse flight dynamics analyses. In direct dynamics, the historical profiles of control inputs (deflection angles and engine thrust) are specified, and the resulting flight trajectory is predicted. In inverse dynamics, the desired flight trajectory and an additional constraint are specified to determine the required control inputs. The framework employs wind axes for linear-momentum equations and body axes for angular-momentum equations, incorporates two flight path angles, and provides formulas for aerodynamic force and moment coefficients. Key advantages include improved computational efficiency, elimination of Euler angle singularities, and independence from symmetry assumptions with regard to the aircraft's moments of inertia. The model also accounts for nonlinear air density variations with altitude, up to 20 km above mean sea level, making it suitable for accurate and efficient flight dynamics simulations.