Investigation of phytochemicals, spectral properties, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of chosen Ayurvedic remedies

TL;DR

This study comprehensively analyzes Ayurvedic remedies using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, revealing their bioactive compounds and demonstrating significant antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-diabetic activities.

Contribution

It provides detailed phytochemical profiles and biological activity assessments of three Ayurvedic formulations, combining advanced analytical methods with bioactivity testing for the first time.

Findings

Identification of numerous bioactive compounds in each remedy.

Significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.

Notable anti-diabetic effect via alpha-glucosidase inhibition.

Abstract

This study examines the phytochemical characteristics of Ayurvedic products. An analysis was performed on Kottakkal Ayurveda Triphala (T), Kottakkal Ayurveda Hinguvachadi Churnam (H), and Kottakkal Ayurveda Jirakadyarishtam (J) using GC-MS and LC-MS techniques to determine their bioactive constituents, while also assessing their antimicrobial, docking, anticancer, and anti-diabetic activities. The GC-MS analysis identified 30, 45, and 8 chemical components in Kottakkal Ayurveda Triphala (T), Kottakkal Ayurveda Hinguvachadi Churnam (H), and Kottakkal Ayurveda Jirakadyarishtam (J), respectively. The LC-MS analysis produced 15, 20, and 16 peaks for Kottakkal Ayurveda Triphala (T), Kottakkal Ayurveda Hinguvachadi Churnam (H), and Kottakkal Ayurveda Jirakadyarishtam (J), with m/z values of 982, 981, 972, and 933; 987, 985, 974, and 945; and 969, 965, 951, and 941, respectively, confirming their precision. Moreover, characterization of the Ayurvedic products was carried out using FT-IR, UV-vis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy to identify significant functional groups and chemical substances. Kottakkal Ayurveda Triphala (T) was evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus) along with Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), yielding a P value of 0.0650 (P < 0.0001). Both Kottakkal Ayurveda Hinguvachadi Churnam (H) and Kottakkal Ayurveda Jirakadyarishtam (J) were subjected to analysis for their effectiveness against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, also revealing a P value within the acceptable range of 0.0650 (P < 0.0001). The anti-diabetic properties of Kottakkal Ayurveda Triphala (T) were assessed using the {\alpha}-glucosidase inhibitory method, which exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on {\alpha}-glucosidase, resulting in an average P value of 0.001 (P < 0.0001).