Classification of kink clusters for scalar fields in dimension 1+1

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the behavior, construction, and stability of multi-kink solutions in a 1+1 dimensional scalar field model with two vacua, revealing their asymptotics, manifold structure, and universality in multikink formation.

Contribution

It provides a detailed asymptotic analysis, constructs kink n-clusters for large initial separations, and characterizes their manifold structure and universality in multikink dynamics.

Findings

Asymptotic behavior of kink n-clusters determined

Construction of kink n-clusters with prescribed initial positions

Kink clusters form an n-dimensional topological manifold

Abstract

We consider a real scalar field equation in dimension 1+1 with an even, positive self-interaction potential having two non-degenerate zeros (vacua) 1 and -1. Such a model admits non-trivial static solutions called kinks and antikinks. We define a kink n-cluster to be a solution approaching, for large positive times, a superposition of n alternating kinks and antikinks whose velocities converge to $0$. They can be equivalently characterized as the solutions of minimal possible energy containing n transitions between the vacua, or as the solutions whose kinetic energy decays to 0 in large time. Our first main result is a determination of the main-order asymptotic behavior of any kink n-cluster. The proof relies on a reduction,using appropriately chosen modulation parameters, to an n-body problem with attractive exponential interactions. We then construct a kink n-cluster for any prescribed initial positions of the kinks and antikinks, provided that their mutual distances are sufficiently large. Next, we prove that the set of all the kink n-clusters is an n-dimensional topological manifold, and we show how it can be parametrized by the positions of the kinks in the configuration. The proof relies on energy estimates and the contraction mapping principle, using the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction technique. Finally, we show that kink clusters are universal profiles for the formation/collapse of multikink configurations. In this sense, they can be interpreted as forming the stable/unstable manifold of the multikink state given by a superposition of n infinitely separated alternating kinks and antikinks.