Energy Momentum Tensor of Extended and Non-extended Theory of Weak Gravity and Spinor Quantum Mechanics

TL;DR

This paper compares two energy-momentum tensors in weak gravity and spinor quantum mechanics, revealing differences in divergence and energy predictions, and extends the theory to align with general relativity by including electromagnetic fields.

Contribution

It introduces an extended Lagrangian incorporating electromagnetic fields to obtain a symmetric energy-momentum tensor consistent with general relativity.

Findings

The two tensors have different four-divergences.

The extended theory yields a symmetric energy-momentum tensor.

The Lagrangian density can be reformulated in flat spacetime.

Abstract

Two distinct energy-momentum tensors of the theory of weak gravity and spinor quantum mechanics are analyzed with respect to their four-divergence and expectation values of energy. The first energy-momentum tensor is obtained by a straightforward generalization of the symmetric energy-momentum tensor of a free Dirac field, and the second is derived by the second Noether theorem. We find that the four-divergences of both tensors are not equal. Particularly, the tensor derived by the generalization procedure does not match the four-divergence of the canonical energy-momentum tensor. As a result, both tensors predict distinct values for the energy of the Dirac field. The energy-momentum tensor of the non-extended theory with the correct expression for four-divergence obtained by the second Noether theorem is asymmetric. This contradicts the requirements of general relativity. To rectify this situation, the Lagrangian of the theory is extended with the Lagrangian of the free electromagnetic field on curved spacetime. Then, the symmetric energy-momentum tensor of quantum electrodynamics with the required four-divergence is obtained by the second Noether theorem. Moreover, the energy-momentum tensor appears in the interaction Lagrangian term of the extended theory. In addition, we show that the Lagrangian density of the extended theory can be recast into the Lagrangian density of a flat spacetime theory, contrary to the statement made for the non-extended theory.