Dimension-8 operators in $W^+W^-$ production via gluon fusion

TL;DR

This paper studies how dimension-8 operators affect $W^+W^-$ production via gluon fusion at the LHC, providing new constraints and analyzing the impact of jet vetoes on new physics searches.

Contribution

It identifies all relevant dimension-8 CP-even operators, computes their amplitudes, and implements them in MCFM-RE, also exploring scenarios where EFT hierarchy is broken.

Findings

Interference of dimension-8 operators with the Standard Model is negligible unless EFT hierarchy is broken.

Including squared dimension-6 operators is justified in EFT fits for this channel.

Jet veto significantly impacts the sensitivity to new physics in $W^+W^-$ production.

Abstract

We investigate the impact of dimension-8 operators on $W^+W^-$ production at the LHC for the incoming gluon-gluon channel. To this end, we have identified all dimension-8 CP-even operators contributing to the process in question, and computed the corresponding tree-level helicity amplitudes for fully-leptonic decays of the $W$ bosons. These are implemented in the program MCFM-RE, which automatically incorporates the effect of a jet-veto to reduce the otherwise overwhelming $t\bar t$ background. We find that, unless we break the hierarchy of the effective field theory (EFT), the interference of the dimension-8 operators with the Standard Model is negligible across the considered distributions. This justifies including the square of dimension-6 operators when performing EFT fits with this channel. We then present new constraints on CP-even and CP-odd dimension-6 operators within the EFT regime. Lastly, we postulate a scenario in which the hierarchy of the EFT is broken, justified by the strong constraints on dimension-6 operators from existing on-shell Higgs data. In this scenario, we discuss the constraints that can be reasonably set on CP-even dimension-8 operators with current and future data. We remark that the effect of the jet-veto on the ability to constrain new physics in the $W^+W^-$ channel is quite dramatic and must be properly taken into account.