Non-linear effects on the Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background anisotropies

TL;DR

This paper develops a non-perturbative framework to analyze large-scale anisotropies in the Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background, incorporating full non-linearity and deriving new statistical properties.

Contribution

It extends the analysis of CGWB anisotropies beyond first-order perturbations, including non-linear effects and non-Gaussianity, using a non-perturbative approach.

Findings

CGWB anisotropies are influenced by non-linear scalar metric perturbations.

The gravitational wave energy density perturbations follow a lognormal distribution.

Intermittency effects emerge due to non-Gaussianity in the CGWB.

Abstract

The Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB) anisotropies contain valuable information about the physics of the early universe. Given that General Relativity is intrinsically nonlinear, it is important to look beyond first-order contributions in cosmological perturbations. In this work, we present a non-perturbative approach for the computation of CGWB anisotropies at large scales, providing the extension of the initial conditions and the Sachs-Wolfe effect for the CGWB, which encodes the full non-linearity of the scalar metric perturbations. We also derive the non-perturbative expression for three-point correlation of the gravitational wave energy density perturbation in the case of an inflationary CGWB with a scale-invariant power spectrum and negligible primordial non-Gaussianity. We show that, under such conditions, the gravitational wave energy density perturbations are lognormally distributed, leading to an interesting effect such as intermittency.