Unravelling the Structures in the van der Waals Interactions of Alkali Rydberg Atoms

TL;DR

This paper provides a detailed analysis of van der Waals interactions in alkali Rydberg atoms, identifying structures and resonances that enable tailored interaction potentials for experimental applications.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic approach to understanding and exploiting the structures of van der Waals interactions, including Förster resonances, in alkali Rydberg atoms.

Findings

Identification of Förster resonances with different principal quantum numbers.

Analysis of angular dependence and sign of interactions.

Provision of data for rubidium and cesium atoms.

Abstract

Rydberg atoms are used in a wide range of applications due to their peculiar properties like strong dipolar and van der Waals interactions. The choice of Rydberg state has a huge impact on the strength and angular dependence of the interactions, and so a detailed understanding of the underlying processes and resulting properties of the interactions is therefore key to select the most suitable states for experiments. We study the van der Waals interactions in alkali-metal atoms in detail and highlight the structures which allow an understanding and exploitation of the various interaction properties. A particular theme is the identification of F\"orster resonances with $n_1 \neq n_2$, which offer interaction potentials with a wide range of properties that make them particularly interesting for experimental applications. A second theme is a focus on the underlying structures that shape the angular dependency and sign of the interactions. This understanding - instead of brute-force calculations - allows for a much simpler and more systematic search for suitable pair states. These insights can be used for the selection of tailored interaction potentials subject to experimental constraints and requirements. We use rubidium as an example species in this work and also provide data for cesium and pair states that are coupled via two- or three-photon transitions, i.e. up to $F$ states, in the Appendix.