Polarized Dust Emission in Arp220: Magnetic Fields in the Core of an Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy

TL;DR

This study reports the first detection of polarized dust emission in the core of the ULIRG Arp 220, revealing magnetic field orientations in the nuclear regions of a merging galaxy with intense starburst activity.

Contribution

It provides the first observational evidence of magnetic fields in the core of a ULIRG through polarized dust emission detection.

Findings

Polarized dust emission detected at 6 sigma significance in the western nucleus.

Magnetic field orientation suggests in-plane magnetic fields aligned with the molecular disk.

No evidence of magnetic field reordering by outflows in the western nucleus.

Abstract

Arp 220 is the prototypical Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy (ULIRG), and one of the brightest objects in the extragalactic far-infrared sky. It is the result of a merger between two gas rich spiral galaxies which has triggered starbursting activity in the merger nuclear regions. Observations with the Submillimeter Array centred at a frequency of 345 GHz and with a synthesised beamsize of 0.77 x 0.45 arcseconds were used to search for polarized dust emission from the nuclear regions of Arp 220. Polarized dust emission was clearly detected at 6 sigma significance associated with the brighter, western nucleus, with a peak polarization fraction of 2.7 +/- 0.35 per cent somewhat offset from the western nucleus. A suggestive 2.6 sigma signal is seen from the fainter eastern nucleus. The dust emission polarization is oriented roughly perpendicular to the molecular disk in the western nucleus suggesting that the magnetic field responsible is orientated broadly in the plane of the disk, but may be being reordered by the interaction between the two nuclei. Unlike more evolved interacting systems, we see no indication that the magnetic field is being reordered by the outflow from the western nucleus. These observations are the first detection of dust polarization, and thus of magnetic fields, in the core of a ULIRG.