MUSTER: Longitudinal Deformable Registration by Composition of Consecutive Deformations

TL;DR

MUSTER is a novel longitudinal image registration method that composes multiple consecutive deformations to improve detection of structural changes over time in medical imaging, outperforming pairwise methods.

Contribution

It introduces a multi-session registration approach that enhances deformation estimation accuracy and robustness in longitudinal studies, especially in neuroimaging.

Findings

MUSTER significantly improves deformation estimates over pairwise registration.

It effectively identifies neurodegenerative patterns correlating with cognitive decline.

The method is computationally efficient with GPU acceleration.

Abstract

Longitudinal imaging allows for the study of structural changes over time. One approach to detecting such changes is by non-linear image registration. This study introduces Multi-Session Temporal Registration (MUSTER), a novel method that facilitates longitudinal analysis of changes in extended series of medical images. MUSTER improves upon conventional pairwise registration by incorporating more than two imaging sessions to recover longitudinal deformations. Longitudinal analysis at a voxel-level is challenging due to effects of a changing image contrast as well as instrumental and environmental sources of bias between sessions. We show that local normalized cross-correlation as an image similarity metric leads to biased results and propose a robust alternative. We test the performance of MUSTER on a synthetic multi-site, multi-session neuroimaging dataset and show that, in various scenarios, using MUSTER significantly enhances the estimated deformations relative to pairwise registration. Additionally, we apply MUSTER on a sample of older adults from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. The results show that MUSTER can effectively identify patterns of neuro-degeneration from T1-weighted images and that these changes correlate with changes in cognition, matching the performance of state of the art segmentation methods. By leveraging GPU acceleration, MUSTER efficiently handles large datasets, making it feasible also in situations with limited computational resources.