AI-Enabled Rapid Assembly of Thousands of Defect-Free Neutral Atom Arrays with Constant-time-overhead

TL;DR

This paper introduces an AI-driven method for rapidly assembling large, defect-free neutral atom arrays with constant-time overhead, significantly advancing quantum computing and simulation capabilities.

Contribution

The authors develop a novel AI-enabled, real-time hologram calculation protocol that enables rapid, large-scale assembly of defect-free atom arrays with constant time overhead.

Findings

Assembled defect-free 2D and 3D atom arrays with up to 2024 atoms.

Achieved array assembly with a constant time cost of 60 ms.

Demonstrated potential for generating tens of thousands of defect-free atoms.

Abstract

Assembling increasingly larger-scale defect-free optical tweezer-trapped atom arrays is essential for quantum computation and quantum simulations based on atoms. Here, we propose an AI-enabled, rapid, constant-time-overhead rearrangement protocol, and we experimentally assemble defect-free 2D and 3D atom arrays with up to 2024 atoms with a constant time cost of 60 ms. The AI model calculates the holograms for real-time atom rearrangement. With precise controls over both position and phase, a high-speed spatial light modulator moves all the atoms simultaneously. This protocol can be readily used to generate defect-free arrays of tens of thousands of atoms with current technologies, and become a useful toolbox for quantum error correction.