Lessons learned from the detection of wide companions by radial velocity and astrometry

TL;DR

This paper reanalyzes data on long-period giant planets using radial velocity and astrometry, identifying data-related issues and emphasizing the importance of proper modeling and extended baselines for accurate orbit determination.

Contribution

It provides insights into the causes of discrepancies in orbital solutions and offers recommendations for improved data analysis methods in detecting wide companions.

Findings

Discrepancies are mainly data-related, not methodological.

Parallax modeling is crucial for year-long companions.

Extended RV baselines improve orbit accuracy.

Abstract

The detection and constraint of the orbits of long-period giant planets is essential for enabling their further study through direct imaging. Recently, it has been highlighted that there are discrepancies between different orbital fitting solutions. We address these concerns by reanalyzing the data for HD 28185, GJ 229, HD 62364, HD 38529, 14 Her, eps Ind A, HD 211847, HD 111031, and GJ 680, offering explanations for these discrepancies. Based on the comparison between our direct modeling of the astrometric catalog data and the orvara code, we find the discrepancies are primarily data-related rather than methodology-related. Our re-analysis of HD 28185 highlights many of the data-related issues and particularly the importance of parallax modeling for year-long companions. The case of eps Ind A b is instructive to emphasize the value of an extended RV baseline for accurately determining orbits of long period companions. Our orbital solutions highlight other causes for discrepancies between solutions including the combination of absolute and relative astrometry, clear definitions of conventions, and efficient posterior sampling for the detection of wide-orbit giant planets.