Influence of Diaphragm Dynamics on Shock Wave Propagation in Double-Diaphragm Shock Tubes

TL;DR

This study investigates how diaphragm dynamics influence shock wave behavior in double-diaphragm shock tubes, revealing the importance of mid-section pressure control for temperature consistency in shock experiments.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the mechanisms affecting shock velocity and temperature gradients, supported by experimental and numerical analysis of diaphragm-opening effects.

Findings

Lower mid-section pressure leads to higher peak shock velocity.

Significant temperature gradients are present in the shocked gas.

Controlling mid-section pressure reduces temperature variations.

Abstract

Shock tubes have become indispensable tools for advancing research across diverse fields such as aerodynamics, astrophysics, chemical kinetics, and industrial applications. The present study examines shock velocity variations in double-diaphragm shock tubes and their impact on flow dynamics at the end of the shock tube. Experiments were conducted using helium as the driver gas at 30 bar and argon as the driven gas at 100 Torr, with two different mid-section pressures (4.8 and 18.8 bar). A previous study highlighted two mechanisms governing the shock velocity profile: a higher peak shock velocity in the case of lower mid-section pressure due to stronger shock heating of the mid-section gas, and a second stage of acceleration of the shock wave resulting from the higher mid-section pressure and delayed opening of the first diaphragm. Pressure histories of the mid-section between the two diaphragms and high-speed imaging of the diaphragm-opening process helped validate the mechanisms influencing shock velocity. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed (i) to understand the effect of diaphragm-opening dynamics on the experimental shock profiles and (ii) to quantify the axial temperature as well as pressure profiles within the shocked gas. The simulations revealed that while axial pressure variations were not significantly affected by shock velocity variation, there were large temperature gradients in the shocked gas, with up to 6.5 percent higher peak temperature in the case of lower mid-section pressure compared to its counterpart. These pivotal findings underscore the need to control the mid-section pressure to minimize temperature variations within the shocked gas region.