Simple yet Accurate Stochastic Approach to the Quantum Phase Noise of Nanolasers

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple stochastic model for quantum phase noise in nanolasers that accurately describes the linewidth transition from below to above threshold, bridging microscopic and macroscopic regimes.

Contribution

A novel stochastic approach based on semiclassical rate equations and a simple phase hypothesis that effectively models quantum noise across different laser regimes.

Findings

Model agrees with quantum master equations for microscopic lasers.

Model aligns with Langevin equations for macroscopic lasers.

Captures linewidth evolution from particlelike to wavelike behavior.

Abstract

Nanolasers operating at low power levels are strongly affected by intrinsic quantum noise, influencing both intensity fluctuations and laser coherence. Starting from semiclassical rate equations and making a simple hypothesis for the phase of the laser field, a simple stochastic model for the laser quantum noise is suggested. The model is shown to agree quantitatively with quantum master equations for microscopic lasers with a small number of emitters and with classical Langevin equations for macroscopic systems. In contrast, neither quantum master equations nor classical Langevin equations adequately address the mesoscopic regime. The stochastic approach is used to calculate the linewidth throughout the transition to lasing, where the linewidth changes from being dominated by the particlelike nature of photons below threshold to the wavelike nature above threshold, where it is strongly influenced by index fluctuations enhancing the linewidth.