Optimizing ML Concurrent Computation and Communication with GPU DMA Engines

TL;DR

This paper investigates optimizing concurrent computation and communication (C3) on GPUs for machine learning, demonstrating that leveraging DMA engines significantly improves performance and approaches ideal speedups.

Contribution

It introduces heuristics for scheduling and resource partitioning, and proposes using GPU DMA engines for communication to enhance C3 performance.

Findings

C3 achieves only 21% of ideal speedup without optimization.

Scheduling and resource partitioning improve C3 to 42% of ideal speedup.

Using DMA engines with ConCCL increases C3 speedup to 72% of ideal, up to 1.67x faster.

Abstract

Concurrent computation and communication (C3) is a pervasive paradigm in ML and other domains, making its performance optimization crucial. In this paper, we carefully characterize C3 in ML on GPUs, which are most widely deployed for ML training and inference. We observe that while C3 leads to performance uplifts, the uplifts are far lower than ideal speedups (serial computation and communication versus maximum of computation or communication; all times from isolated executions). That is, C3 on average achieves only 21% of ideal speedup. This is so, due to known challenges of compute and memory interference between concurrent GPU kernels (that is, sharing of GPU's compute units, caches and HBM). To attain better performance for C3, first, we evaluate dual strategies of schedule prioritization and careful resource partitioning of compute units on GPUs to push performance attained with C3 (on average 42% of ideal speedup). We also provide heuristics that can guide a runtime while employing these strategies. To further enhance C3 performance, we propose to mitigate C3 interference by offloading communication tasks to the GPU's DMA engines. To this end, we build concurrent communication collectives (ConCCL) proof-of-concepts that harness DMA engines for communication. We show how ConCCL considerably closes the gap between realized and ideal speedup for C3 (on average 72% of ideal speedup is realized, up to 1.67x speedup). Overall, our work makes a strong case for GPU DMA engine advancements to better support C3 on GPUs.