Near-Term Spin-Qubit Architecture Design via Multipartite Maximally-Entangled States

TL;DR

This paper introduces a framework using multipartite entanglement metrics to evaluate and compare near-term spin-qubit architectures, revealing limitations of added local connectivity under realistic noise conditions.

Contribution

It develops new metrics for genuine multipartite entanglement, combines hardware-aware simulations with compilation techniques, and analyzes architectural performance under realistic noise models.

Findings

Sparse lattices can match highly-connected architectures with compilation.

Crosstalk noise diminishes benefits of advanced connectivity.

Framework aids pre-fabrication entanglement analysis.

Abstract

The design and benchmarking of quantum computer architectures traditionally rely on practical hardware restrictions, such as gate fidelities, control, and cooling. At the theoretical and software levels, numerous approaches have been proposed for benchmarking quantum devices, ranging from, inter alia, quantum volume to randomized benchmarking. In this work, we utilize the quantum information-theoretic properties of multipartite maximally-entangled quantum states, in addition to their correspondence with quantum error correction codes, permitting us to quantify the entanglement generated on near-term bilinear spin-qubit architectures. For this aim, we introduce four metrics which ascertain the quality of genuine multipartite quantum entanglement, along with circuit-level fidelity measures. As part of the task of executing a quantum circuit on a device, we devise simulations which combine expected hardware characteristics of spin-qubit devices with appropriate compilation techniques; we then analyze three different architectural choices of varying lattice sizes for bilinear arrays, under three increasingly realistic noise models. We find that if the use of a compiler is assumed, sparsely-connected spin-qubit lattices can approach comparable values of our metrics to those of the most highly-connected device architecture. Even more surprisingly, by incorporating crosstalk into our last noise model, we find that, as error rates for crosstalk approach realistic values, the benefits of utilizing a bilinear array with advanced connectivity vanish. Our results highlight the limitations of adding local connectivity to near-term spin-qubit devices, and can be readily adapted to other qubit technologies. The framework developed here can be used for analyzing quantum entanglement on a device before fabrication, informing experimentalists on concomitant realistic expectations.