The redshift dependence of the inferred $H_0$ in a local void solution to the Hubble tension

TL;DR

This paper investigates how a local Gpc-scale void affects the inferred Hubble constant at different redshifts, suggesting that such a void could explain the Hubble tension while aligning with recent observational data.

Contribution

It introduces a method to analyze the redshift dependence of the inferred Hubble constant within a local void, comparing different density profiles and matching recent observational results.

Findings

$H_0(z)$ decreases towards the Planck value at higher redshifts.

Gaussian and Exponential void profiles agree with observations, Maxwell-Boltzmann does not.

Deepest part of the void is likely near its center, consistent with bulk flow data.

Abstract

Galaxy number counts suggest that we are located within the Gpc-scale KBC void. The Hubble tension might arise due to gravitationally driven outflow from this void, as explored in detail by Haslbauer et al. We explore how the impact of the void on redshift decays at large distances. We define $H_0(z)$ as the present expansion rate $H_0$ that would be inferred from observations in a narrow redshift range centred on $z$. We find $H_0(z)$ in three different ways, all of which give similar results. We then compare these results with the observations of Jia et al., who were careful to minimise the impact of correlations between $H_0$ measurements from data in different redshift bins. We find reasonable agreement with their results for the Gaussian and Exponential void underdensity profiles, although the agreement is less good in the Maxwell-Boltzmann case. The latter profile causes severe disagreement with the observed bulk flow curve at $z < 0.1$ (Mazurenko et al.), so the tension with higher redshift data further highlights that the deepest part of the KBC void is probably near its centre. The observations show a decline of $H_0(z)$ towards the background $Planck$ value in qualitative agreement with the considered models, even if we use a larger void. The good overall agreement with the recent results of Jia et al. suggests that the local supervoid evident from the galaxy luminosity density out to a Gpc might also solve the Hubble tension while retaining a low background $H_0$ consistent with $Planck$ data, assuming enhanced structure formation on $>100$ Mpc scales.