The JWST-NIRCam View of Sagittarius C. II. Evidence for Magnetically Dominated HII Regions in the CMZ

TL;DR

This study uses JWST-NIRCam imaging to reveal filamentary, magnetically dominated structures in the Sgr C HII region, suggesting magnetic fields play a crucial role in plasma confinement and evolution in the Galactic Center.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed imaging evidence of filamentary, magnetically confined plasma structures in a Galactic Center HII region, highlighting magnetic dominance in such environments.

Findings

Filamentary structures form a fractured arc and a π-shaped core.

Spectral index measurements indicate a non-thermal component across the region.

Magnetic fields likely confine plasma, resulting in low plasma β values.

Abstract

We present JWST-NIRCam narrow-band, 4.05 $\mu$m Brackett-$\alpha$ images of the Sgr C HII region, located in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. Unlike any HII region in the Solar vicinity, the Sgr C plasma is dominated by filamentary structure in both Brackett-$\alpha$ and the radio continuum. Some bright filaments, which form a fractured arc with a radius of about 1.85 pc centered on the Sgr C star-forming molecular clump, likely trace ionization fronts. The brightest filaments form a `$\pi$-shaped' structure in the center of the HII region. Fainter filaments radiate away from the surface of the Sgr C molecular cloud. The filaments are emitting optically thin free-free emission, as revealed by spectral index measurements from 1.28 GHz (MeerKAT) to 97 GHz (ALMA). But, the negative in-band 1 to 2 GHz spectral index in the MeerKAT data alone reveals the presence of a non-thermal component across the entire Sgr C HII region. We argue that the plasma flow in Sgr C is controlled by magnetic fields, which confine the plasma to rope-like filaments or sheets. This results in the measured non-thermal component of low-frequency radio emission plasma, as well as a plasma $\beta$ (thermal pressure divided by magnetic pressure) below 1, even in the densest regions. We speculate that all mature HII regions in the CMZ, and galactic nuclei in general, evolve in a magnetically dominated, low plasma $\beta$ regime.