Non-Local to Local Eigenbasis Permutations of Pauli Product Diagonal Operators

TL;DR

This paper proves that mapping non-local, sparse diagonal quantum Hamiltonians to local forms via eigenbasis permutations is generally impossible, revealing fundamental limits and exploring implications for quantum many-body systems and astrophysical phenomena.

Contribution

It establishes a lower bound on the complexity of localizing diagonal operators, refutes the Quasiparticle Locality Conjecture, and investigates probabilistic localization transitions in large quantum systems.

Findings

Lower bound $G_m$ on non-zero terms in local forms is cosmologically large.

Refutes the Quasiparticle Locality Conjecture.

Identifies a sharp transition in localization probability related to Hamiltonian sparsity.

Abstract

This paper investigates the feasibility of mapping non-local, sparse, diagonal forms of quantum Hamiltonians to local forms via eigenbasis permutations. We prove that such a mapping is not always possible, definitively refuting the "Quasiparticle Locality Conjecture." This refutation is achieved by establishing a lower bound, denoted $G_m$, on the number of non-zero terms in a localized diagonal form. Remarkably, $G_m$ reaches cosmologically large values, comparable to the entropy of the observable universe for certain localities $m$. While this theoretically guarantees the conjecture's falsity, the immense scale of $G_m$ motivates us to explore the implications for practically sized systems through a probabilistic approach. We construct a set of random, non-local, sparse, diagonal forms and hypothesize their probability of finding a local representation. Our hypothesize suggests a sharp transition in this probability, linked to the Hamiltonian's sparsity relative to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of neutron stars to black holes transition. This observation hints at a potential connection between Hamiltonian sparsity, localizability, critical phenomena warranting further investigation into their interplay in both theoretical and astrophysical contexts.