Existence and asymptotic properties of standing waves for dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with rotation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the existence, properties, and mass collapse behavior of standing waves in rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates modeled by a Gross-Pitaevskii equation, extending previous work to non-axially symmetric potentials.

Contribution

It establishes the existence of multiple types of standing waves and their asymptotic behaviors in a rotating dipolar BEC model with non-symmetric harmonic potential, addressing an open question.

Findings

Existence of local minimizers and mountain pass solutions for the standing waves.

Mass collapse behavior of the local minimizers.

Extension of previous results to non-axially symmetric potentials.

Abstract

In this article, we study the existence and asymptotic properties of prescribed mass standing waves for the rotating dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a harmonic potential in the unstable regime. This equation arises as an effective model describing Bose-Einstein condensate of trapped dipolar quantum gases rotating at the speed $\Omega$. To be precise, we mainly focus on the two cases: the rotational speed $0<\Omega<\Omega^{*}$ and $\Omega=\Omega^{*}$, where $\Omega^{*}$ is called a critical rotational speed. For the first case, we obtain two different standing waves, one of which is a local minimizer and can be determined as the ground state, and the other is mountain pass type. For the critical case, we rewrite the original problem as a dipole Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a constant magnetic field and partial harmonic confinement. Under this setting, a local minimizer can also be obtained, which seems to be the optimal result. Particularly, in both cases, we establish the mass collapse behavior of the local minimizers. Our results extend the work of Dinh (Lett. Math. Phys., 2022) and Luo et al. (J. Differ. Equ., 2021) to the non-axially symmetric harmonic potential, and answer the open question proposed by Dinh.