Kinetic simulations of the Kruskal-Schwarzchild instability in accelerating striped outflows I: Dynamics and energy dissipation

TL;DR

This study uses particle-in-cell simulations to explore how the Kruskal-Schwarzschild instability facilitates magnetic energy dissipation in relativistic striped jets, shedding light on the mechanisms powering gamma-ray bursts and AGN emissions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the non-linear evolution of the KSI and its role in magnetic dissipation in relativistic outflows, a novel insight into jet physics.

Findings

KSI leads to thin current layers where magnetic dissipation occurs.

Dissipation rate scales with the effective width of the dissipative region.

Results have implications for the location of dissipation in astrophysical jets.

Abstract

Astrophysical relativistic outflows are launched as Poynting-flux-dominated, yet the mechanism governing efficient magnetic dissipation, which powers the observed emission, is still poorly understood. We study magnetic energy dissipation in relativistic "striped" jets, which host current sheets separating magnetically dominated regions with opposite field polarity. The effective gravity force $g$ in the rest frame of accelerating jets drives the Kruskal-Schwarzschild instability (KSI), a magnetic analogue of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. By means of 2D and 3D particle-in-cell simulations, we study the linear and non-linear evolution of the KSI. The linear stage is well described by linear stability analysis. The non-linear stages of the KSI generate thin (skin-depth-thick) current layers, with length comparable to the dominant KSI wavelength. There, the relativistic drift-kink mode and the tearing mode drive efficient magnetic dissipation. The dissipation rate can be cast as an increase in the effective width $\Delta_{\rm eff}$ of the dissipative region, which follows $d\Delta_{\rm eff}/dt\simeq 0.05 \sqrt{\Delta_{\rm eff}\,g}$. Our results have important implications for the location of the dissipation region in gamma-ray burst and AGN jets.