Is cosmological data suggesting a nonminimal coupling between matter and gravity?

TL;DR

This study compares a modified gravity theory with nonminimal matter-curvature coupling to recent cosmological data, finding moderate to strong evidence favoring the new model over the standard DM in some datasets, but with some inconsistencies.

Contribution

It provides observational constraints on a nonminimal coupling gravity model using multiple cosmological surveys, highlighting its potential advantages over DM.

Findings

Moderate to strong evidence favoring the nonminimal coupling model over DM.

The modified model can fit early and late-time observations.

Some inconsistencies remain with baryon acoustic oscillation data.

Abstract

Theoretical predictions from a modified theory of gravity with a nonminimal coupling between matter and curvature are compared to data from recent cosmological surveys. We use type Ia supernovae data from the Pantheon+ sample and the recent 5-year Dark Energy Survey (DES) data release along with baryon acoustic oscillation measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) to constrain the modified model's parameters and to compare its fit quality to the Flat-$\Lambda$CDM model. We find moderate to strong evidence for a preference of the nonminimally coupled theory over the current standard model for all dataset combinations. Although the modified model is shown to be capable of matching early-time observations from the cosmic microwave background and late-time supernovae data, we find that there is still some incoherence with respect to the conclusions drawn from baryon acoustic oscillation observations.