Characterization and performance of the Apollon main short-pulse laser beam following its commissioning at 2 PW level

TL;DR

This paper reports on the successful commissioning of the Apollon laser's main beam at 2 PW, detailing its performance, diagnostics, and initial experimental capabilities, including dual beam operation, with future upgrades planned.

Contribution

First comprehensive characterization of the Apollon 2 PW laser beam, including diagnostics, performance metrics, and dual beam operation capabilities.

Findings

Achieved 45 J energy and 22 fs pulse duration at 2 PW

Characterized laser focal spot stability and secondary emissions

Demonstrated dual beam operation with auxiliary 0.5 PW beam

Abstract

We present the results of the second commissioning phase of the short-focal-length area of the Apollon laser facility (located in Saclay, France), which was performed with the main laser beam (F1), scaled to a peak power of 2 PetaWatt. Under the conditions that were tested, this beam delivered on-target pulses of maximum energy up to 45 J and 22 fs duration. Several diagnostics were fielded to assess the performance of the facility. The on-target focal spot and its spatial stability, as well as the secondary sources produced when irradiating solid targets, have all been characterized, with the goal of helping users design future experiments. The laser-target interaction was characterized, as well as emissions of energetic ions, X-ray and neutrons recorded, all showing good laser-to-target coupling efficiency. Moreover, we demonstrated the simultaneous fielding of F1 with the auxiliary 0.5 PW F2 beam of Apollon, enabling dual beam operation. The present commissioning will be followed in 2025 by a further commissioning stage of F1 at the 8 PW level, en route to the final 10 PW goal.