New Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation at High Redshifts from Multiband of GRBs

TL;DR

This study uses multiband gamma-ray burst observations across a wide redshift range to set new, more stringent limits on Lorentz invariance violation energy scales, independent of cosmological models.

Contribution

It introduces a cosmological model-independent method combining time delay and luminosity distance data from GRBs to constrain LIV effects at high redshifts.

Findings

Limits on LIV energy scales are $E_{QG,1} \\ge 1.5 \\times 10^{15}$ GeV and $E_{QG,2} \\ge 8.5 \\times 10^{9}$ GeV.

Constraints are significantly below the Planck energy scale.

Method reduces systematic errors by using multiband GRB data.

Abstract

In the gravity quantum theory, the quantization of spacetime may lead to the modification of the dispersion relation between the energy and the momentum and the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). High energy and long-distance gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observations in the universe provide a unique opportunity to test the possibility of LIV. In this work, we use 88 time delays from GRBs ($0.117 < z < 6.29$), and provide a cosmological model-independent approach based on the luminosity distance data from 174 GRBs to test LIV. Combining the observation data from multiband of GRBs provides us with an opportunity to mitigate the potential systematic errors arising from variations in the physical characteristics among diverse object populations, and to add a higher redshift dataset for testing the energy-dependent velocity caused by the corrected dispersion relationship of photons. These robust limits of the energy scale for the linear and quadratic LIV effects are $E_{\mathrm{QG},1} \ge 1.5\times 10^{15}$ GeV, and $E_{\mathrm{QG},2} \ge 8.5\times 10^{9}$ GeV, respectively. It exhibits a significantly reduced value compared to the energy scale of Planck in both scenarios of linear and quadratic LIV.