Probing neutrino mass ordering with supernova neutrinos at NO$\nu$A including the effect of sterile neutrinos

TL;DR

This paper investigates how supernova neutrino observations at NO$ u$A can determine neutrino mass ordering and detect sterile neutrinos, considering systematic uncertainties and energy resolution effects.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of supernova neutrino detection for mass ordering and sterile neutrino searches, including the impact of systematics and energy smearing.

Findings

NO$ u$A can distinguish mass orderings at 5$\sigma$ for supernovae at 5 kpc.

Observation of the NC channel can reveal sterile neutrinos.

Systematic uncertainties and energy smearing reduce sensitivity.

Abstract

In this work, we explore the possibility of probing the mass ordering sensitivity as a function of supernova distance in the context of the ongoing neutrino experiment NO$\nu$A. We provide a detailed study of the active-active and active-sterile mixing frameworks, illustrating how supernova neutrinos can be used to realize the existence of sterile neutrinos. Interestingly, we infer that observation of the NC channel alone can differentiate between the presence and absence of sterile neutrinos. Our results indicate that the primary channel of NO$\nu$A can distinguish normal mass ordering from inverted mass ordering at $5 \sigma$ confidence level for a supernova explosion occurring at a distance of 5 kpc. Additionally, we examine the impact of systematic uncertainties on mass ordering sensitivity, showing that higher levels of systematics lead to a reduction in sensitivity. Similarly, the inclusion of energy smearing significantly diminishes ordering sensitivity.