Universal energy cascade in critically balanced homogeneous ferrofluid turbulence

TL;DR

This paper investigates the universal energy cascade in ferrofluid turbulence under varying magnetic fields, revealing scale-independent behavior and turbulence suppression at high magnetic strengths.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of critical balance in ferrofluids and demonstrates the universal energy cascade's persistence across different magnetic field regimes.

Findings

Kinetic and total energy cascades are identical under moderate magnetic fields.

Total energy cascade becomes non-stationary at high magnetic fields.

Turbulence suppression occurs at strong magnetic fields.

Abstract

In ferrofluids, the vorticity is balanced by the rate of particle rotation, which is known here as critical balance. The universal energy cascade is investigated for a stationary and non-stationary incompressible ferrofluid turbulent system using exact relations. The findings reveal that under moderate magnetic fields, kinetic and total energy cascades occur at identical rates. As the external magnetic field strength increases, the total energy cascade becomes non-stationary and differs from the kinetic one. However, the cascade's universal, scale-independent nature remains unaffected. The suppression of turbulence in ferrofluids is observable at strong magnetic fields.